Overview
Nosebleeds (epistaxis) are common and usually minor, but they can sometimes be severe or recurrent. They can originate from the front of the nose (anterior) or, less commonly, from the back (posterior).
Common causes
- Dry air: Dries out the nasal membranes
- Nose picking or injury
- Allergic rhinitis and sinus infections
- Use of blood-thinning medications (aspirin, warfarin)
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- Nasal growths or tumours (less common)
When to see an ENT
- Recurrent nosebleeds (even if minor)
- A nosebleed that lasts longer than 20 minutes
- Nosebleeds that occur after an injury to the head or face
- Nosebleeds that are heavy or cause difficulty breathing
- One-sided nosebleeds, especially if associated with other symptoms
What we do
- Detailed history to identify potential triggers and risk factors
- Nasal endoscopy to locate the exact site of bleeding
- Review of medications and blood pressure
Treatment options
- Silver Nitrate Cautery: A simple procedure to seal the bleeding vessel in clinic
- Nasal packing (for severe or posterior bleeds)
- Topical ointments and saline sprays to keep the nasal lining moist
- Managing underlying conditions (e.g., controlling allergy or blood pressure)